Everything about The Repartimiento totally explained
The
Repartimiento de Labor was a colonial labor system imposed upon the
indigenous population of Spanish America and the
Philippines. It was close to the
mita system of the
Inca Empire: the natives were forced into low-paid or unpaid labor for a portion of each year on Spanish-owned farms, in mines and workshops, and on public projects. The repartimiento system was a
slavery-like system, although some workers received low wages.
The repartimiento system, for the most part, followed the
encomienda system of
forced labor throughout
New Spain.
A
conquistador would take over and supervise a number of indigenous workers, who would labor at crop fields or mines, or in the Philippines in ship building of the
Manila Galleons. The one in charge of doing the
reparto ("distribution") of workers was the
Alcalde Mayor (local magistrate) of the city. The diminution of the number of
Native Americans due to European diseases (
smallpox,
influenza,
measles and
typhus) to which the native populations had no resistance, as well as to desertion from the work fields, led to the substitution of the encomienda system. There were instances when both systems (repartimiento and encomienda) sometimes coexisted. Native American communities that were close to Spanish populations were required to provide a percentage of their people (2-4 %) to work in agriculture, construction of houses, streets, etc. Many were escaping the encomienda system and looking for a working wage. Others signed contracts for six months to a year, during which time the worker was required to be paid a salary (something the Spanish Crown didn't enforce or support), provided living quarters as well as religious services.
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